The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.